1.how object oriented application testing is different from other testing procedure?
Ans:
No sequential procedural executions
No functional decomposition
No structure charts to design integration testing
Iterative O-O development and its impact on testing and integration strategies
2.what are all structure diagrams available explain them brief?
• Class Diagram – set of classes and their relationships. Describes interface to the class (set of
operations describing services)
• Object Diagram – set of objects (class instances) and their relationships
• Component Diagram – logical groupings of elements and their relationships
• Deployment Diagram - set of computational resources (nodes) that host each component.
3.Elaborate the strategy of testing OOA and OOD model?
l The review of OO analysis and design models is especially useful because the same semantic
constructs (e.g., classes, attributes, operations, messages) appear at the analysis, design, and
code level.
l Therefore, a problem in the definition of class attributes that is uncovered during analysis will
circumvent side effects that might occur if the problem were not discovered until design or
code (or even the next iteration of analysis).
l By fixing the number of attributes of a class during the first iteration of OOA, the following
problems may be avoided:
Creation of unnecessary subclasses.
Incorrect class relationships.
Improper behavior of the system or its classes.
l If the error is not uncovered during analysis and propagated further more efforts needed
during design or coding stages.
l Analysis and design models cannot be tested in the conventional sense, because they cannot
be executed.
4.Define state based and attribute based partitioning?
State-based partitioning - categorizes class operations based on how they change the state of a class
Attribute-based partitions are defined by a value of an attribute in the user directory. The partition can be
set up so that it either matches or doesn't match the attribute value. For example, an attribute-based
partition could select all users who don't belong to a certain department (those who don't have a particular
DepartmentNumber attribute in the user registry) or who belong to a certain division (those who have a
particular OrganizationalUnit attribute).
5.explain the optimization which we need to take in order to effective use of patterns?
• Do not recast everything as a pattern
– Instead, develop strategic domain patterns and reuse existing tactical patterns
• Institutionalize rewards for developing patterns
• Directly involve pattern authors with application developers and domain experts
• Clearly document when patterns apply and do not apply
• Manage expectations carefully.
6. what are the challenges of class testing?
l OO class is the target for test case design.
l Encapsulation:
Difficult to obtain a snapshot of a class without building extra methods which
display the classes’ state
l Inheritance and polymorphism:
Each new context of use (subclass) requires re-testing because a method may be
implemented differently (polymorphism).
Other unaltered methods within the subclass may use the redefined method and
need to be tested
l How is class testing different from conventional testing?
- Conventional testing focuses on input-process-output, whereas class testing focuses on
each method, then designing sequences of methods to exercise states of a class
l White box tests:
Basis path, condition, data flow and loop tests can all apply to individual methods,
but don’t test interactions between methods
7.explain state transaction testing with a diagram?
State transition testing is used where some aspect of the system can be described in what is called a “finite state machine”. This simply means that the system can be in a (finite) number of different states, and the transitions from one state to another are determined by the rules of the “machine”. This is the model on which the system and the tests are based. Any system where you get a different output for the same input, depending on what has happened before, is a finite state system.
8.explain the methods for forming clusters?
l Function-based clustering
Based on requirements and use cases
Difficult to perform if requirements were not available during the design phase
l Subject-based clustering
Based on subject areas that need to test separately
l Project Schedule-based clustering
l Contract-based clustering
9.Describe the impact of object oriented programming on testing?
Message quiescence:
l A Method/Message path (MM-Path) is a sequence of method executions linked by messages.
l An MM-Path starts with a method and ends when it reaches a method that does not issue a
message of its own, i.e., reaches a message Quiescence.
Event quiescence:
l An input port event followed by a set of MM-Paths, and terminated by an output event is
called Atomic System Function (ASF).
10.explain new methods .inherited methods and redefined methods?
the inherited class has (inherits) all methods of the ancestor. If you want onlx a few changes you have to copy the
coding of the original method and make your changes. The reason that you start with an empty method ist that you
might use the method in a completely different way.
Although, you are right: It would be more comfort if the system would copy the original source and let you modify it.
But as the redefined will use private attributes defined in the inherited class this might lead to confusion.
11.which problem should be avoided during the first iteration of OOA?
By fixing the number of attributes of a class during the first iteration of OOA, the following problems may be
avoided:
Creation of unnecessary subclasses.
Incorrect class relationships.
Improper behavior of the system or its classes.
12.what are the model testing approaches?
l Testing by comparison
compares each model to its predecessor or to previous forms of the model
l Testing by inspection
uses checklists to make sure that the model meets certain criteria
l Testing by verification
follows certain steps to assure completeness and consistency of one part of the model with another
13.what methods to test within classes and explain them?
l New methods: defined in the class under test and not inherited or overloaded by methods in a
superclass: Complete testing
l Inherited methods: defined in a superclass of the class under test: Retest only if the methods
interacts with new or redefined method.
l Redefined methods: defined in a superclass of but redefined in the class under test .
complete Retest reusing tests from the superclass.
14.state the difference b/w state transaction testing and cluster testing?
15.explain development process of UML diagrams?
Structural diagrams – Used to describe the building blocks of the system –features
that do not change with time.
? Behavioral diagrams – Used to show how the system evolves over time
(responds to requests, events, etc.)
16.explain random integration testing?
l Multiple Class Random Testing
1. For each client class, use the list of class methods to generate a series of random test
sequences.
Methods will send messages to other server classes.
2. For each message that is generated, determine the collaborating class and the corresponding
method in the server object.
3. For each method in the server object (that has been invoked by messages sent from the client
object), determine the messages that it transmits
4. For each of the messages, determine the next level of methods that are invoked and
incorporate these into the test sequence
17.explain system testing with one example?
Use Case # 1 of the Telephone Banking System:
Task: Making a balance transfer
User Class: Current customer
Frequency: one per week per customer
User Action
System Response
User dials the number System plays greeting and ask for account number
User enters invalid account number System informs user and ask for account number again
User enter a valid account number System asks for PIN#
18. explain the implementation of the turning models?
The turning model is the bat that the bat maker is copying. The new bat then takes the same model
number, such as C243 etc. Each different model will have different dimensions such as barrel diameter,
handle diameter and length, and knob size and shape. Any model of Louisville Slugger will be fine for
college. I would suggest choosing the pro grade bat, it costs a little more but is better wood.
19. explain the bridge point development suit?
The BridgePoint Development Suite accelerates the development of real-time,
embedded, technical, and simulation systems. BridgePoint provides the most
complete and productive environment for Agile MDA (Model Driven Architecture)
and the development of Executable and Translatable UML models. It has been
used to develop hundreds of the most demanding systems including flight-critical
launch vehicles, life-critical medical systems, large fault-tolerant distributed
telecom systems, highly resource-constrained consumer electronics, and large-
scale distributed discrete-event HLA simulation systems.
20.explain the rules for the synchronization of the objects?
